English Polish
Politechnika Morska w Szczecinie

DSpace Home

DSpace/Manakin Repository

Title
Application of a hybrid current-voltage machine observer model in a ship’s asynchronous cage generator control algorithm

ISSN printed: 1733-8670, ISSN on-line: 2392-0378
Kozak, Maciej1; Głogowski, Piotr2; Kozak, Marcin3
URI: https://repository.pm.szczecin.pl/handle/123456789/2893
2025-12-30
Abstract This article addresses the problem of sensorless control of a squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) used as a shaft generator in shipboard DC power systems. The work is motivated by the growing adoption of DC ship- board microgrids, where robust and cost-effective generators without mechanical sensors are desirable. A math- ematical model of the SCIG in α-β and d-q reference frames is derived and discretized, enabling efficient re- al-time implementation on a DSP–FPGA control platform. Building on this model, the paper proposes a hybrid current–voltage observer that combines a current-model estimator (effective at low speed) with a voltage-model estimator (accurate at medium and high speed). PI-based compensating voltages are introduced to suppress numerical integration drift and reduce sensitivity to stator resistance variation, ensuring accurate estimation of rotor flux, flux angle, and rotational speed. The excitation process of the generator is analysed with respect to initial DC-link voltage, shaft speed, and loss currents, and criteria for successful self-excitation are identified. The proposed algorithm is validated through time-domain simulations and laboratory experiments on a 3 kW SCIG system. Results show close agreement between simulation and measurements, stable DC-link voltage regulation under varying load and speed, and reliable sensorless operation that is comparable to, or more robust than, encoder-based systems in the presence of EMI. The study confirms the practical suitability of the hybrid observer for shipboard SCIG applications over a wide rotational speed operating range.
  1. Aboelezz, A.M., Sedhom, B.E., El-Saadawi, M.M., Eladl, A.A. & Siano, P. (2023) State-of-the-art review on shipboard microgrids: Architecture, control, management, protection, and future perspectives. Smart Cities 6 (3), pp. 1435–1484, doi: 10.3390/smartcities6030069.,
  2. Bašić, M., Bubalo, M., Vukadinović, D. & Grgić, I. (2021) Sensorless maximum power control of a stand- alone squirrel-cage induction generator driven by a vari- able-speed wind turbine. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 16 (1), pp. 333–347, doi: 10.1007/s42835- 020-00582-8.,
  3. Mohan, N. & Raju, S. (2020) Analysis and Control of Elec- tric Drives. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley.,
  4. Cárdenas, R. & Peña, R. (2004) Sensorless vector control of induction machines for variable-speed wind energy appli- cations. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 19 (1), pp. 196–205, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2003.821863.,
  5. Choi, J.-W., Chung, D.-W. & Sul, S.-K. (1996) Imple- mentation of field-oriented induction machine considering iron losses. IEEE Proceedings of Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC’96, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 375–379, doi: 10.1109/APEC.1996.500469.,
  6. Di Piazza, M.C., Luna, M., La Tona, G., Accetta, A., Pucci, M. & Pietra, A. (2018) A mixed AC/DC low voltage electrical distribution architecture for increasing the payload on ships. In Technology and Science for the Ships of the Fu- ture: Proceedings of NAV 2018: 19th International Confer- ence on Ship & Maritime Research, IOS Press, pp. 230–237, doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-870-9-230.,
  7. Du, T. (1993) Joint state and parameter estimation of induc- tion motor drives with application to adaptive field-oriented control. Ph.D. dissertation. Faculty of Engineering, Univer- sity of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K.,
  8. Griffiths, D.V. & Smith, I.M. (1991) Numerical Methods for Engineers: A Programming Approach. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Publications.,
  9. Holtz, J. (2002) Sensorless control of induction motor drives. Proceedings of the IEEE 90 (8), pp. 1359–1394, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2002.800726.,
  10. Hurst, K.D., Habetler, T.G., Griva, G. & Profumo, F. (1998) Zero-speed tacholess IM torque control: Sim- ply a matter of stator voltage integration. IEEE Trans- actions on Industry Applications 34 (4), pp. 790–795, doi: 10.1109/28.703975.,
  11. Kim, K., Park, K., Roh, G. & Chun, K. (2018) DC-grid system for ships: A study of benefits and technical consid- erations. Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environ- mental Affairs, and Shipping 2 (1), pp. 1–12, doi: 10.1080/ 25725084.2018.1490239.,
  12. Kjellson, G. (2024) Sensitivity Analysis of Flux Estimation Methods for Field-Oriented Control of Induction Machines. M.S. thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,
  13. Kozak, M., Bronsky, R. & Matuszak, M. (2024) Appli- cation of Squirrel Cage Generator Control System Utiliz- ing Direct Torque Control Method as the Shaft Generator in a Seagoing Ship. Energies 17 (23), 5985, doi: 10.3390/ en17235985.,
  14. Kubatko, M., Bielesz, D., Kirschner, S., Hamani, K., Kuchar, M., Mrovec, T. & Prazenica, M. (2025) Sensor- less direct field-oriented control of induction motor drive using artificial neural network-based reactive power MRAS. Sensors 25 (23), 7135, doi: 10.3390/s25237135.,
  15. Latek, W. (1994) Maszyny elektryczne w pytaniach i odpo- wiedziach. Warszawa, Poland: WNT.,
  16. Luna, M., La Tona, G., Accetta, A., Pucci, M., Pietra, A. & Di Piazza, M.C. (2023) Optimal management of battery and fuel cell-based decentralized generation in DC ship- board microgrids. Energies 16 (4), 1682, doi: 10.3390/ en16041682.,
  17. Martínez-Rodrigo, F., Ruíz-González, J.M., Domín- guez-Vázquez, J.A. & Herrero De Lucas, L.C. (2002) Sensorless control of a squirrel cage induction generator to track the peak power in a wind turbine. IEEE 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 02, Sevilla, Spain, Nov. 5–8, pp. 169–174 vol. 1, doi: 10.1109/ iecon.2002.1187501,
  18. Mathews, J.H. & Fink, K.K. (2004) Numerical Methods Using MATLAB. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall.,
  19. Naugher, L.A. (2018) The squirrel cage induction machine as an alternative to the permanent magnet generator for di- rect drive tidal turbines. Ph.D. dissertation, Newcastle Uni- versity, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.,
  20. Satpathi, K., Balijepalli, V.S.K.M. & Ukil, A. (2017) Modeling and real-time scheduling of DC platform sup- ply vessel for fuel efficient operation. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 3 (3), pp. 762–778, doi: 10.1109/TTE.2017.2744180.,
  21. Seyoum, D., Grantham, C. & Rahman, F. (2001) Anal- ysis of an isolated self-excited induction generator driven by variable speed prime mover. Proceedings AUPEC’01, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, September 2001, pp. 49–54.,
  22. Seyoum, D., Rahman, F. & Grantham, C. (2003) An improved flux estimation in induction machine for control application. University New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,
  23. Texas Instruments (1997) Sensorless Control with Kal- man Filter on TMS320 Fixed-Point DSP. Application Note BPRA057, Texas Instruments Europe.,
  24. Tiitinen, L., Hinkkanen, M. & Harnefors, L. (2025) Sensorless flux-vector control framework: An extension for induction machines. IEEE Transactions on Industri- al Electronics, 72 (11), pp. 11081–11086, doi: 10.1109/ TIE.2025.3559958.,
  25. Xu, L., Guerrero, J.M., Lashab, A., Wei, B., Bazmoham- madi, N., Vasquez, J. & Abusorrah, A.M. (2022) A review of DC shipboard microgrids—Part I: Power architectures, energy storage and power converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37 (5), pp. 5155–5172, doi: 10.1109/ TPEL.2021.3128417.,
  26. Zahedi, B. & Norum, L.E. (2014) Optimized efficiency of all-electric ships by DC hybrid power systems. Electric Power Systems Research 112, pp. 83–92, doi: 10.1016/j. epsr.2014.01.010.,

Title

Application of a hybrid current-voltage machine observer model in a ship’s asynchronous cage generator control algorithm

Pages

Figures

11

Tables

0

ISSN printed

1733-8670

ISSN on-line

2392-0378

DOI

10.17402/669

Type

Original scientific article

Journal

84 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, no. 84 / 2025

Publisher

Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

Copyright Holder

Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

Published

2025-12-30

Recieved

2025-11-25

Accepted

2025-12-05

Funding

No data

Keywords

power electronics,, power distribution system, electric machines, power system management,

URI:

https://repository.pm.szczecin.pl/handle/123456789/2893

Language

English

Authors

Kozak, Maciej1; Głogowski, Piotr2; Kozak, Marcin3

Affiliation

1 Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering 3 student 2 Willowa St., 71-650 Szczecin, Poland, m.kozak@am.szczecin.pl
2 Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering 3 student 2 Willowa St., 71-650 Szczecin, Poland, p.glogowski@am.szczecin.pl
3 Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering 3 student 2 Willowa St., 71-650 Szczecin, Poland, Student

Show full item record

Files in this item

Download paper in PDF format
Name: 13-zn-pm-84-156-k...
Size: 2.21 MB
Format: PDF
Licence: CC BY
Download

This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Search repository

Advanced Search

Browse

My Account

RSS Feeds

XML

Cite